As the threat landscape grows and the costs of data breaches increase, organizations are looking to adopt secure software development lifecycle (SDLC) best practices and methodoligies. Secure SDLC is a multi-step approach that comprises a set of rules, procedures, and standards that govern the secure software development processes within your organization, focusing on the integration of security early on in the SDLC. In this blog, we’ll cover some secure SDLC best practices, and better workflows for more secure coding.
What you’ll learn
- Understanding secure SDLC
- The importance of cyber risk management for SDLC
- What are the benefits of a secure software development lifecycle?
- Popular secure SDLC methodologies
- 11 best practices for secure SDLC
- How to get started with SDLC best practices
- Secure coding practices and tools for better cyber risk management
- Next steps
Understanding secure SDLC
Secure SDLC is the practice of integrating security activities, such as creating security and functional requirements, code reviews, security testing, architectural analysis, and risk assessment into the existing development workflow. This might, for example, involve writing your security and business requirements together and performing a risk analysis of your architecture during the design phase of SDLC.
Throughout every stage of the secure software development lifecycle, security methods and remediation tools are typically integrated with code repositories to address any concerns or potential vulnerabilities as they emerge.
What are the phases of SDLC?
The SDLC is a series of phases that begin with planning and end with maintenance. Each phase of the SDLC is critical to the success of the project, and it is important to follow this process of secure coding practices in order to ensure that the software meets the needs of the end-users and functions as expected. The phases of SDLC are:
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Planning: Define project scope, resources, timelines, and budget.
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Analysis: Gather and document software requirements.
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Design: Create a software design and plan.
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Development: Build and test the software.
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Testing: Test the software for bugs and issues.
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Maintenance: Monitor, update, and maintain the software.
The importance of cyber risk management for SDLC
Cyber risk management is a strategic approach employed to detect, analyze, prioritize, and implement defensive measures against any cyber risks that pose a threat to the organization.
Benefits of adopting a cyber risk management strategy include:
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Helps to mitigate possible cyberattacks.
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Reduces the potential for financial loss due to cyberattacks (a common attack motive).
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Helps preserve the organization’s reputation.
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Enhances the security of the organization’s sensitive data.
Cyber risk management frameworks
Discussed below are some of the standardized frameworks you can use to help ensure more effective cyber risk management processes.
NIST CSF
The National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) is one of the most popular frameworks for cyber risk management, offering a valuable breakdwon of security requirements and recommendations. It organizes the risk management process into five core functionalities, namely:
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Identify
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Protect
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Detect
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Respond
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Recover
ISO/IEC 27001
The ISO/IEC 27001 was initially created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It provides standards by which security information can be systematically protected. Its core objectives are confidentiality, integrity, access control, and code quality and availability.
What are the benefits of a secure software development lifecycle?
The key benefits of secure SDLC include:
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Improved security: Secure SDLC fosters a proactive approach toward security-related rules and regulations. It enhances the security of your applications and allows all stakeholders to be informed about security concerns.
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Cost reduction: Incorporating code reviews early on in the SDLC can reduce the cost of managing and resolving security-related vulnerabilities. In other words, you save money by detecting and resolving issues as soon as they occur.
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Regulatory compliance: Secure SDLC provides a secure environment that meets the demands of your business and strengthens safety, security, and compliance. It helps detect design flaws early in the SDLC process, reducing business risks in your organization.
Popular secure SDLC methodologies
Secure SDLC methodologies fall into two categories of secure coding practices: prescriptive and descriptive. The prescriptive approach tells the users what they should do and when. “Descriptives,” on the other hand, are descriptions of the actions taken by other organizations.
Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle
The Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) is a prescriptive approach that covers most security aspects and provides guidance to organizations on how to achieve more secure coding. It helps build software that is compliant with regulatory standards, while lowering costs.
OWASP Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM)
SAMM is an open-source project that follows a prescriptive methodology and guides the integration of security within the SDLC. OWASP maintains it, with contributions from companies of diverse sizes and industries.
Building Security in Maturity Model (BSIMM)
Initially a branch of SAMM, BSIMM has shifted from a prescriptive to descriptive approach and is continuously updated with the most current best practices. Instead of advising about what actions to take, BSIMM summarizes the activities of member organizations.
11 best practices for secure SDLC
Securing your SDLC process requires embedding security into all phases of SDLC and adhering to the best practices outlined in this section.
1. Specify your requirements
Your specifications, security guidelines, and recommendations should be presented in a way that is simple and easy to understand in order to assist your developers.
2. Perform security audits
Security testing is critical for determining your product’s vulnerability to attacks. Ensure security tools and practices are in place from the outset and throughout the development process. It is also important to clearly define the functional requirements of your development teams, take into consideration common security vulnerabilities, and plan accordingly.
3. Educate your developers on best coding practices, tools, and frameworks
Organizing training sessions for your development team can help foster a culture of security awareness. These sessions should cover areas such as secure coding techniques, coding best practices,, cybersecurity, potential risks, and the available security frameworks.
4. Conduct an architectural risk analysis at the beginning
Conducting an architectural risk analysis to identify flaws and determine risks that might occur due to those flaws should be done early on in the SDLC process, before coding your application. You should also take advantage of threat modeling to detect and manage threats in a timely manner.
5. Tackle the big problems first
Instead of addressing every vulnerability identified, it is important to prioritize the risks based on your business needs and to concentrate on the most serious threats and feasible remedies. A triage approach—find, prioritize, and fix—can help you to focus on avoiding security risks from existing vulnerabilities entering production environments and triaging and addressing compromised software over time.
6. Secure planning and building for test cases
Conducting a code review is important for verifying whether your development team has adhered to secure coding standards, practices and standards, and allows you to uncover coding and configuration defects or weaknesses in the application. Make your plans ready for penetration testing on your application, and ensure that it is conducted by a third party. Organizations often employ third-party vendors to perform penetration testing. The primary objective of having a third-party vendor assess the security of your systems is to get an impartial, professional, and expert opinion on your security posture.
7. Use code scanning tools
There are two types of analysis tools: static analysis security tools (SAST) and dynamic analysis security tools (DAST). While SAST enables you to analyze your code to identify security flaws in the application without running it, DAST is capable of finding flaws in your infrastructure.
8. Cultivate a growth mindset
Secure SDLC changes how teams operate and communicate. Everyone on the team should be open to learning, and your developers should be encouraged to adhere to the guidelines and best practices to secure the applications they build.
9. Keep an eye on open-source security
Open-source components with known vulnerabilities are another important factor to take into consideration when building a secure SDLC. Because today’s software products rely heavily on open-source code, it is critical to focus on open-source security management throughout the SDLC process.
Automated software composition analysis (SCA) tools can help determine security vulnerabilities in code and provide remediation insights and automatic patches.
10. Perform a gap analysis
A security gap analysis is a great way to check the integrity of your application. Performing a gap analysis will help you assess how effectively your system is operating based on your expectations. If there is any deviation from these expectations, you can identify which part of your SDLC needs to be re-examined in order to make the necessary improvements.
11. Create a software security initiative (SSI)
A software security initiative (SSI) is a process that allows you to plan for risk and allocate resources accordingly. An SSI guides you through the SDLC based on procedures and guidelines, and helps you to determine how much you should spend on application security. It also helps to ensure your team really understands their roles.
10. Perform a gap analysis
A security gap analysis is a great way to check the integrity of your application. Performing a gap analysis will help you assess how effectively your system is operating based on your expectations. If there is any deviation from these expectations, you can identify which part of your SDLC needs to be re-examined in order to make the necessary improvements.
11. Create a software security initiative (SSI)
A software security initiative (SSI) is a process that allows you to plan for risk and allocate resources accordingly. An SSI guides you through the SDLC based on procedures and guidelines, and helps you to determine how much you should spend on application security. It also helps to ensure your team really understands their roles.
The benefits of going cloud-native
In addition to the best practices discussed above, being cloud-native offers numerous benefits when it comes to security considerations and to ensuring a secure SDLC. It enables:
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Building more reliable systems
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Faster deployments
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Avoiding vendor lock-in
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On-demand infrastructure
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Better customer experience
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Reduced costs through containerization
How to get started with SDLC best practices
A well-thought-out SDLC implementation should complement an organization’s existing software development process well. There are a number of recommended steps to help software developers get started with some of the secure SDLC best practices.
Security training and awareness
Security training and awareness sessions are a good starting point and an important part of secure SDLC. The sessions should involve all project team members—the development, QA teams, and release and maintenance teams, for example.
Make sure the sessions are easy to follow, focusing on concepts such as secure design principles, encryption, and security issues. The training should also cover cybersecurity risks, risk impact, and risk management.
Technologies & tools for secure SDLC
There are a number of available tools to help you implement secure SDLC:
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Static application security testing (SAST) tools such as SonarCube and FortifySast
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Dynamic application security testing (DAST) tools such as FortifyDast
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Software composition analysis (SCA) tools such as Dependency Check and Dependency Track from OWASP
Shift left for secure SDLC
Secure SDLC is one example of the “shift-left” strategy, which includes security checks early on in the SDLC process. This allows software development teams to plan releases more accurately, making it easier to detect and fix problems that may impact the release schedule. It therefore helps keep releases on track, while maintaining secure coding standards
The DevSecOps strategy is all about having the right security policies, practices, and technologies from the beginning of the DevOps pipeline and integrating them throughout the entire SDLC process. Securing your SDLC enables you to offer secure products and services to your customers while still meeting tight deadlines.
Secure coding practices and tools for better cyber risk management
When it comes to secure coding, there are some industry-tested methods and strategies which teams can employ. The following tools and best practices can help you better manage risks in your organization.
Bug bounties
Bug bounties are financial rewards offered by companies in order to motivate ethical hackers to evaluate the company’s source code and identify bugs that pose a threat to the organization. The higher the reward, the greater the competition, and the sooner a fix can be made available.
OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) Top 10
OWASP is an open community devoted to providing free resources and guides to help improve your security. It lists the top 10 web application security risks, providing guidance for fixing them.
Next steps
With an increasing number of application-layer threats, the need for more proactive security has become a paramount concern. Identifying and resolving security issues earlier in the software development lifecycle – with some of the SDLC best practices mentioned above – allows you to deliver more secure software applications and thereby better value to your customers while reducing development costs.
Own your risk and improve your cyber hygiene. The Vulcan Cyber risk management platform lets you manage risk with intuitive, efficient processes that can be realized easily across all teams.
